Day 53

Where Did Charlemagne Come From? 
Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) - grandfather
  • lived 688 - 741
  • won the crucial Battle of Tours (732), halting Islamic expansion in western Europe
  • Charles Martel's sons: Carloman (706 - 754) who retired to become a monk in 747, Pepin the Short (714 - 768) who continued to hold the Muslims off and father of Charlemagne (and Carloman I)

Keeping Up With the Carolingians
After the Treaty of Verdun (843)
(Middle Francia)
(Western Francia)
Louis the German (804–876)
What Makes Charles So "Great"?

He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an Empire
  • He fought the Muslims in Spain (to the west)
  • He conquered Italy (to the south)
  • He fought Huns and Magyars (to the east) 
Pope Leo III appreciated his efforts to spread Christianity, and crowned him Imperator Augustus (Emperor)on Christmas Day, 800
Charlemagne's Legacy
Renewed emphasis on education and culture
  • literature, mathematics, art, architecture
  • book copying and preserving
  • opened a palace school
  • surrounded himself with English, German, Italian and Spanish scholars

He regularly visited every part of his kingdom - hands-on ruling style
United most of western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
After Charlemagne's Death in 814...
Charlemagne died at age 72, 47 years into his reign
He named his son Louis the Pious co-emperor before he died

Louis... not quite the leader his father was; ruled from 814 - 840

After Louis the Pious died, his three sons fought for control

They divided up the empire at the Treaty of Verdun

  • Lothair I got the Middle Kingdom (northern Italy, other territories to the north)
  • Charles the Bald got the Western Kingdom (France)
  • Louis the German got the Eastern Kingdom (Germany)



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